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ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

ln the process of modern industrial production, there is almost no place without the use of electric drive. With the continuous improvement of production technology, product quality and output, more and more production machinery are required to realize automatic speed regulation. The adjustable speed electric drive system can be divided into DC speed regulation and AC speed regulation. DC motor has excellent speed regulation characteristics, smooth and convenient speed regulation, easy to smooth speed regulation in a large range, large overload capacity, can withstand frequent impact loads, can realize frequent stepless rapid start-up, braking and reverse rotation, and can meet various special operation requirements in the production process automation system. So far, it is still widely used in metal cutting machine tools, paper machines and other fields requiring high-performance controllable electric drive, Therefore, DC speed regulation system is still widely used in various production departments with high requirements for automatic control. It is the main form of speed regulation system up to now.DC motors are divided into two categories: commutator and non commutator. Brushless DC motor is developed on the basis of Brushless DC motor. In 1831, Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which laid the theoretical foundation of modern motor.

The first DC motor was successfully developed in the 1840s. It took about 70 years for the DC motor to mature. With the expansion of use, the requirements for DC motor are higher and higher. Obviously, the contact commutation device limits the application of brush DC motor in many occasions. In order to replace the mechanical contact device of brush commutator structure of brush DC motor, people have made a long-term exploration. As early as 1915, American langmil invented the mercury rectifier controlling the grid and made the inverter device from DC to AC; In the 1930s, it was proposed to use ion device to realize the so-called commutator motor in which the stator winding of the motor is replaced according to the rotor position. This kind of motor has no practical significance because of its poor reliability, low efficiency and heavy and complex whole device.The rapid development of science and technology has brought a leap in semiconductor technology. The successful development of switching transistor has brought vitality to the creation of a new motor - a brushless DC motor.

ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

In 1955, D. Harrison and others in the United States first applied for a patent to replace the motor brush contact with transistor commutation line, which is the prototype of Brushless DC motor. It is composed of power amplification part, signal detection part, magnetic pole body and transistor switching circuit. Its working principle is that when the rotor rotates, a periodic signal potential is induced in the signal winding W1 or W2. This signal turns on the transistors BG1 and BG2 respectively, which makes the power windings W1 and W2 feed in turn, that is, commutation is realized. The problem is that, firstly, when the rotor does not rotate, there is no induced potential in the signal winding, the transistor is not biased, and the power winding cannot feed, so this brushless motor has no starting torque; secondly, due to the small leading edge steepness of the signal potential, the power consumption of the transistor is large. In order to overcome these disadvantages, people use the commutator of centrifugal device or place auxiliary magnetic steel on the stator to ensure the reliable starting of the motor, but the structure of the former is complex, while the latter still needs additional starting pulse; Then, after repeated experiments and continuous practice, people finally found the mechanical commutation device using position sensor and electronic commutation circuit to replace the brushless DC motor, which opened up a new way for the development of Brushless DC motor. In the early 1960s, proximity switch type position sensor, electromagnetic resonance type position sensor and high-frequency coupling type position sensor which act to approach something came out one after another, and then came out Magnetoelectric coupling and photoelectric position sensors are presented.With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, people are interested in the Hall effect discovered by American hall in 1879. After many efforts, the brushless DC motor with the help of Hall effect was successfully trial produced in 1962. With the emergence of magnetic sensitive diode which is thousands of times more sensitive than Hall element, in the early 1970s, a brushless DC motor with the help of magnetic sensitive diode was successfully developed.

While developing various types of position sensors, people try to find a brushless DC motor without additional position sensor structure. In 1968, w. mieslinger of the former Federal Republic of Germany proposed a new method to realize commutation by capacitive phase-shifting: on this basis, R. hanitsh of the former Federal Republic of Germany successfully developed a brushless DC motor without additional position sensor to realize commutation with the combination of digital ring distributor and zero crossing discriminator. People have been committed to the research of position sensorless. According to the method of rotor pole position identification of synchronous motor, the rotor pole position of Brushless DC motor is obtained indirectly by using the induced electromotive force (voltage) of stator winding, that is, indirect detection method. Compared with the direct detection method, the position sensor is omitted, which can simplify the complexity of the original motor body structure. It is especially suitable for small-size and small capacity brushless DC motor. Since the 1980s, with the rapid development of microcomputer technology, the brushless DC motor without rotor position sensor has entered the practical stage; In addition, with the advent of multi-functional sensors, a sensor has been used in the brushless DC motor servo drive system to detect the rotor pole position, speed and servo position at the same time.

ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

Since the birth of semiconductor technology in the late 1950s, the development speed is very fast, and the performance of power semiconductor devices has been gradually improved. At the same time, its corresponding driving circuit has also developed rapidly. Now one driving circuit can drive three-phase and six switches, which greatly simplifies the peripheral circuit.

Circuit, especially the design of driving circuit. At the same time, the advent of high-performance permanent magnet materials, such as samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron, has laid a solid foundation for the wide application of Brushless DC motor.

In some special application fields requiring high efficiency and high power density, it indicates the bright prospect of Brushless DC motor drive. The international development heat of Brushless DC motor and its drive system from all aspects will continue. As a result, brushless DC motor will continue to become the object of high-performance position free servo device in the future.

Special controllable DC power supply is needed in DC electric drive system The following: first, the original DC speed regulation system used constant DC voltage to supply power to the armature of DC motor, and realized speed regulation by changing the resistance in the armature circuit. This method is simple, easy to manufacture and cheap. However, the disadvantages are low efficiency, soft mechanical characteristics and can not adjust the speed smoothly in a wide range, so it is rarely used at present. Second, in the late 1930s, generator motor (also known as rotary converter group) appeared. With the use of magnetic amplifier, motor expander, thyristor and other control devices, excellent speed regulation performance can be obtained, such as wide speed regulation range (10:1 to dozens of:1), small speed change rate and smooth speed regulation, especially when the motor is decelerated, The flywheel inertia on the motor shaft can be easily fed back to the power grid through the generator. In this way, on the one hand, smooth braking characteristics can be obtained, on the other hand, energy loss can be reduced and efficiency can be improved. However, the main disadvantage of the generator and motor speed regulation system is that it needs to add two rotating motors equivalent to the speed regulation motor and some auxiliary excitation equipment, so it is difficult to maintain the volume.

ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

DC motors are divided into two categories: commutator and non commutator. DC motor speed regulation system first used constant DC voltage to supply power to DC motor, and realized speed regulation by changing the resistance in armature circuit. This method is simple, easy to manufacture and cheap; However, the disadvantages are low efficiency and soft mechanical characteristics, which can not obtain wide and smooth speed regulation performance. This method is only applicable to some fields with low power and no speed regulation range Close. In the late 1930s, the emergence of generator and motor system made DC motor with excellent speed regulation performance widely used. This control method can obtain wide speed regulation range, small speed change rate and smooth speed regulation performance. However, the main disadvantages of this method are large system weight, large land occupation, low efficiency and difficult maintenance. In recent years, with the rapid development of power electronic technology, the DC motor speed regulation system powered by thyristor converter has replaced the generator and motor speed regulation system, and its speed regulation performance has far exceeded that of the generator, dynamic performance and reliability. The development of IGBT and other high-power devices in power electronics technology is replacing thyristors, and a DC speed regulation system with better performance has emerged. For a long time, the research in the field of simulation has focused on the establishment of simulation model, that is, after the establishment of system model, an algorithm should be designed to make the system model accepted by the computer, and then compiled into computer program and run on the computer. Therefore, various simulation algorithms and simulation software have been born one after another.

Because there is little research on model establishment and simulation experiment, modeling usually takes a long time. At the same time, the analysis of simulation results must also rely on relevant experts, and there is a lack of direct guidance for decision-makers, which greatly hinders decision-making It hinders the popularization and application of simulation technology.

Simulink, a dynamic system simulation tool provided by MATLAB, is the most powerful, excellent and easy to use among many simulation software. It effectively solves the problems in the above simulation technology. In Simulink, the modeling of the system will become very simple, and the simulation process is interactive, so the simulation parameters can be changed at will, and the modified results can be obtained immediately. In addition, the simulation results can be analyzed and visualized by using various analysis tools in MATLAB.

Simulink can go beyond the ideal linear model to explore more realistic models of nonlinear problems, such as friction, air resistance, gear meshing and other natural phenomena in the real world; It can simulate large stars and small molecular atoms. It can model and simulate a wide range of objects, which can be either mechanical, electronic and other real entities, or ideal systems. It can simulate the complexity of dynamic system, which can be continuous, discrete or hybrid. Simulink will make your computer become - a laboratory, which can be used to model and simulate various systems that exist, do not exist, or even the opposite in reality.

The traditional research methods mainly include analytical method, experimental method and simulation experiment. The first two methods not only have their own advantages, but also have different limitations. With the development of production technology, higher requirements are put forward for electric drive in starting and braking, forward and reverse rotation, speed regulation accuracy, speed regulation range, static characteristics, dynamic response and so on requirements, which requires the extensive use of speed regulation system. Due to the good speed regulation performance and torque control performance of DC motor, DC speed regulation system has been used since the 1930s. Its development process is as follows: from the earliest rotary converter unit control to amplifier and magnetic amplifier control. Further, DC speed regulation is realized with static thyristor converter and analog controller. Later, the PWM control circuit composed of controllable rectifier and high-power transistor is used to realize digital DC speed regulation, which continuously improves the rapidity, controllability and economy of the system. The continuous improvement of speed regulation performance makes the application of DC speed regulation system more and more widely.

ສະຖານະການພັດທະນາແລະຄວາມສົດໃສດ້ານຂອງວົງຈອນຄວບຄຸມຄວາມໄວມໍເຕີ DC

With the development of production technology, higher requirements are put forward for DC electric drive in starting and braking, forward and reverse rotation, regulation accuracy, speed regulation range, static characteristics and dynamic response, which requires a large number of DC speed regulation systems. Therefore, the research on DC speed regulation system will be more in-depth.

DC motor is the earliest motor and the earliest motor to realize speed regulation. For a long time, DC motor has occupied the dominant position of speed control. Because of its good linear speed regulation characteristics, simple control performance, high efficiency and excellent dynamic performance, it is still the best choice for most speed regulation control motors. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the speed regulation control of DC motor. The armature voltage of the DC motor is supplied by the three-phase thyristor rectifier circuit through the smoothing reactor L, and the control angle of the thyristor is adjusted by changing the trigger phase-shifting control signal UC, so as to change the output voltage of the rectifier and realize the speed regulation of the DC motor. Figure 1-1 is the schematic diagram of thyristor DC motor speed regulation system. In the figure, VT is a thyristor controllable rectifier. By adjusting the control voltage Uc of the trigger device to move the phase of the trigger pulse, the average rectified voltage UD can be changed to realize smooth speed regulation.

 

 

 

 

 

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